虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面:基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美。
条件从句的谓语动词形式 | 主句谓语动词形式 | |
与过去事实相反的假设 | had done | would/could/might/shouldhave done |
与现在事实相反的假设 | did(was→were) | would/could/might/shoulddo |
与将来事实相反的假设 | did(was→were); should do;were to do | would/could/might/shoulddo |
通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。
虚拟语气在条件从句的用法
条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气.
错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。
If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.
If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.
含蓄条件句
1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。
如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.
But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.
2. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。
I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.
I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
“wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;
表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”;
表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如:
I wish I were better-looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。
I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊!
I wish I would be a solider. 我想当一名军人。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
1. if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如:
If only the player had had more courage! 这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。
If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!
7.program和programme的区别 常见用法及搭配