-ing形式在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。在时间上表示动作正在进行,在语态上表示主动。闭音节的动词,要双写结尾的辅音,再加ing。如果结尾是不发音的,把e去掉,再加ing。
a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begins等。
d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
1.–ing分词的构成主动形式 被动形式 doing being done 一般式 完成式 having done having been done 否定式:not+--ing/not having(been) done 不是 having not (been) done
2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的一个动作;完成式表示先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如: Walking along the street, he caught sight of an old friend of his. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
3.---ing分词的被动式当-ing分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,需要用被动形式。根据-ing 分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done),如:The question being discussed is very important. Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder.
4.---ing分词的句法功能1)---ing分词作主语 Learning English has become a part of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big. 2) ---ing分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟---ing分词作宾语:admit/ appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy /excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest / give up/cannot help
1.mean to do和doing的区别 mean有哪些用法