副词(Adverb简称adv.)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
副词可分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词。
英语副词分类 | ||
副词类型 | 常见副词单词 | 副词在句中位置 |
时间副词 | ago, ahead, before, behind, beside, below, soon, now, recently, sometime, today, tomorrow, tonight, then | 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末,有时也位于句首 |
地点副词 | above, abroad, down, downstairs, everywhere, here, home, in, inside, out, outdoors, there, up, upstairs | 地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首,但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列,地点副词通常位于方式副词之后,时间副词之前 |
疑问副词 | how, when, where, why | 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句,通常位于句首;疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时,其后应接一般疑问句,但有时可有所省略。 |
方式副词 | angrily, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, easily, fast, happily, hurriedly, loud, loudly, quickly, quietly, rapidly, slowly, slightly, suddenly, well 等。 | |
程度副词 | a little, almost, completely, deeply, enough, extremely, fairly, fine and, good and, greatly, hardly | 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等) |
关系副词 | when, where, why | 关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。 |
连接副词 | if, how, however, nor, so, therefore, too, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether | 连接句子或从句的连接副词:其性质类似于并列连词,使用时其前通常用分号或句号;若其前用逗号,则通常带有并列连词 |
句子副词 | fortunately, frankly, generally, luckily, maybe, obvious, officially | 句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首);的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词,不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化: |
关联副词 | besides, furthermore, however, moreover, never the less, so, then, thus, therefore |
副词的位置 | 1) 在动词之前。 | 注意:a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well. |
2) 在be动词、助动词之后。 | ||
3) 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 | ||
副词的排列顺序 | 1) 时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。 | 注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。改错:(错) I very like English.(对) I like English very much.副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。I don’t know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat. |
2) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。 | ||
3) 多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 |